WEBVTT

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Hi, I'm Teek.

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I live on Planet Queloz.

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For my final class
project, my teacher said--

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Find a planet in this
galaxy and explain

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how its atmosphere works.

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So with my trusty
spaceship BARY--

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That's me.

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--I headed to Earth.

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That's where I met
NOAA Scientist Tom.

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You've come to the right person.

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Now, he is showing me
how awesome Earth is.

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It's so beautiful.

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I can't wait to learn more.

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Let's go.

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[MUSIC PLAYING]

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All right, class, we have one
more planet to learn about.

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Teek, take it away.

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It's amazing.

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They call the Planet Earth.

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And about 70% of it is covered
by a watery ocean that impacts

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its weather and climate.

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It seems like they should
call it Planet Ocean.

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And there are
these things called

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smores that are so delicious.

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Oh, and they still burn fossil
fuels, causing their climate

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to change.

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But there's a whole Earth-wide
group of earthlings trying

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to fix it and--

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Whoa, slow down, Teek.

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Don't give away all of
Earth's secrets yet.

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It sounds like you're
learning a lot.

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What's next?

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Oh, Earth scientist
creature Tom Di Liberto

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is going to teach me how Earth's
ocean affects extreme weather

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and climate.

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Whoa, is that a hurricane
you're flying through?

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You're lucky, little
intergalactic traveler.

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[LAUGHS]

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Keep up the good work.

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Next with an update is Twilerp.

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Hi, class.

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I'm in the deep ocean
of Planet Wolszczan.

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Behind me is a hydrothermal vent
where I've been encountering

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all kinds of surprising--

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Oh, no, what
happened to Twilerp?

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Don't worry, this is, like,
the fifth time this year

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that's happened to Twilerp.

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[COMPUTER CHIMES]

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Oh, phew, OK.

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Let's see what a hurricane
looks like from space.

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Just look at it, Teek,
isn't it beautiful?

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Yes, and very marshmallowy.

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Huh?

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Teek, I'm talking
about the Earth.

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See that big, swirly
cloud thingy right there?

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That's a hurricane.

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It's one of those extreme
weather and climate

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events I was talking about,
along with thunderstorms,

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droughts, and floods.

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And a major contributor
to all of that is--

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Your ocean?

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You got it.

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Teek, do you remember
the difference

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between weather and climate.

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Yeah.

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Weather is what's happening
outside right now.

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Climate is all of that
weather averaged together

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over a long time.

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Yep.

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And the ocean affects both.

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Let me explain.

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Hurricanes, typhoons,
and tropical cyclones

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are different names for the same
incredibly destructive storms

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that pop up across the tropics.

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And one thing they really
like, warm ocean water.

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If hurricanes were a
vehicle, like a car--

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Or a spaceship like, BARY.

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--they'd be using pure
warm ocean water for fuel.

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As do I. When I feel
low on battery reserves,

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I simply siphon ocean water.

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It's my energy drink.

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[SIREN]

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Extreme.

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And the warmer the
ocean, the more fuel

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they become torrential rain.

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And that warm water is
mainly here near the equator.

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Oh, because the
middle of your planet

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receives the most
energy from the sun.

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So it's the warmest,
just like Queloz.

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Exactly.

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The patterns of that
warm water determine

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where those storms form.

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The ocean is key.

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But what's the difference
between weather and climate

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extremes.

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One hurricane, thunderstorm,
or flood is a weather extreme.

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A climate extreme would
be way more or way less

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rain than normal during
the entire year or season.

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And that can also be thanks to--

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My favorite, the ocean.

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[LAUGHS] Yes.

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Let's take a look at
the Pacific Ocean now.

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Check out this really
long ribbon of clouds,

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like a huge river of water
moving through the sky.

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These atmospheric
rivers draw up moisture

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from the warm tropical
ocean and transport

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it hundreds and
hundreds of miles away.

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Cool.

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Can we take a boat
down these sky rivers?

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Unlikely.

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Humans have yet to conquer the
art of boating in the clouds.

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How do these rivers
know where to flow?

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These rivers are funneled
between a low pressure system

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to the north and a high
pressure system to the south.

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Then the whole storm is being
driven around by fast moving

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winds 40,000 feet up
in the atmosphere,

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about as high as airplanes fly.

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We call that the jet stream,
steering the atmospheric rivers

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and storms like
cars down a highway.

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A jet stream has been identified
over Earth's Pacific Ocean.

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And the ocean can even affect
the path of the jet stream.

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But isn't the jet stream
really far above the ocean?

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It's bonkers, right?

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The tropical ocean affects
the tropical atmosphere

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through all that water
for thunderstorms.

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And a tropical
atmosphere can nudge

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where the jet stream
goes, especially

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over the Pacific Ocean.

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In this occurrence,
the atmospheric rivers

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have been pushed into the
Western Coast of North America,

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causing rain, snow,
floods, and landslides.

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Notice the places where
those storms aren't going.

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It's dry.

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Whoa, whoa, whoa.

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So one of these
atmospheric rivers

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would be a weather
extreme, but the back,

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to back, to back, to
back, to back, to back

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atmospheric rivers all
together are a climate extreme?

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Bingo.

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And that's how the ocean
can affect climate extremes.

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I told you, the ocean is key.

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These extremes seem
really hard to forecast.

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They are.

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And climate change
is making it harder.

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With a warmer planet leading to
a stronger hurricanes, heavier

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rain, and drier droughts,
it's a really big problem

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that we need to solve fast.

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Good news is that
there's already

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a lot of earthlings working
on it, that's for sure.

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Problems are easier
to solve together.

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That's right.

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As they say on Queloz,
when handed a blorfsnarf,

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get together with your friends
and make blorfsnarf bisque.

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Sounds good.

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I know scientists are using
some amazing technology

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to observe our blue planet,
and that includes our ocean.

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We were taught way
long ago that we

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needed a whole
team of instruments

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to monitor our planet, like
a mechanical science squad.

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Wow, Teek, that's incredible.

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We have some pretty
cool instruments, too.

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Oh-oh, it looks like you'll have
to wait until our next meeting

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to find out more.

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Aww, geez, I've got to
go, and I can't wait.

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Where did you get that s'more?

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What s'more?

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Alert, Teek,
accessing student log.

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Day three final project.

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Oh, whoa, almost forgot.

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Thanks, BARY.

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Day three final project.

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Today, scientist Tom
talked about all sorts

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of extreme weather and climate.

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First, we looked at hurricanes.

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They use warm ocean water
for fuel to get so extreme.

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Then Tom showed me
that the ocean even

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can affect where the jet
stream, Earth's storm highway,

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is located, which means some
places get lots of storms,

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and other places
get lots of nothing.

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Humans are also changing
Earth's climate.

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It is a less than
optimal situation,

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but they can fix that.

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Yup.

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And I really can't wait
to see all that cool Earth

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technology that Tom mentioned.

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Oh, that reminds me.

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Time to build that strogrewt
for my plumeria class.

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[MUSIC PLAYING]

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